Ethical Issue Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Moral Issue - Case Study Example Also, the rule of self-governance prohibits human services suppliers from applying pressure on patients to experience techniques with they don't need performed on them. Accordingly, applying weight or neglecting to give all the appropriate data that a patient requires may bring about a penetrate of the moral rule of self-rule (Butts and Rich, 2013). Furthermore, the rule of self-governance additionally necessitates that the helpless populace, for example, the older be given satisfactory assurance by those overseeing care to them. This is on the grounds that they will be unable to comprehend the data that they require to settle on the correct choice. In light of the realities of the case, unmistakably the standard of independence applies to Mr. Jones case in various manners. Right off the bat, the case shows that Mr. Jones, who is an older patient requires prompt consideration from social insurance experts with the goal that his condition can be dealt with. The ailment necessitates that the patient experience an intrusive methodology, for example, embeddings the cylinder in his stomach to empower him feed and put on weight. In any case, as per the rule of independence, it is significant that the patient be given abundant time and chance to settle on an educated choice with regards to whether to experience the intrusive method (Butts and Rich, 2013). In this manner, the medicinal services suppliers clung to this rule since they gave Mr. Jones plentiful time and the chance to conclude whether to experience an obtrusive technique or not. For example, after Mr. Jones had declined to experience the treatment, one of the medicinal serv ices proficient recommended that the patient be given sufficient opportunity to settle on an educated choice, which clung to the rule. The rule of self-sufficiency additionally applied to this case in light of the fact that the circumstance necessitated that the patient be furnished with the vital data to empower him settles on an educated choice. Again it is obvious from the reality of the case since the medicinal services suppliers gave all the

The Outsider Essays

The Outsider Essays The Outsider Paper The Outsider Paper Article Topic: The Outsiders The Outsiders S. E. Indication No adversary groups, just Soc. Also, you cannot win against them regardless of how enthusiastically you attempt, in light of the fact that theyve got all the breaks and in any event, whipping them isnt going to change that reality. The Outsiders a novel that was first distributed In 1 967 by the creator S. E Hint Is not just a novel about posse attitude and pack contention but on the other hand is about how an individual could feel like an outcast dependent on where they live or how much cash they have. In Pony Boys case it was his evaluations that caused him to feel like an untouchable inside his own family. Horse Boys an incredible case of what happens when you are engaged with posses, brutality and so forth. You can turn into an untouchable rapidly simply dependent on bits of gossip and what individuals accept that packs resemble. S. E Hint was 16 when she composed this novel thus Im accepting that she was encircled by something very similar the character Pony Boy was raised in. Greaser Oh casualty of condition, oppressed, spoiled no-tally hood. is Just a portion of the things that individuals used to portray the greasers, these days names like that are still seed to depict the oppressed individuals that may not be also off as the upper or center classed individuals. Group tama yang biggie writing turnaround dalai Italians in skill thought Absurd anticipate moral yang didst immunoassay Dan thought kebabs common amnesia yang stray oleo theme The Stranger mastery imperialism menaced relates Dan center tama dalai phenylalanine in. Investigation basic yang different kalmia deathtrap saint Absurd manned abducting diasporas oleo parsnips moral Jells tetrameter Emmanuel The Myth of Sisyphus. Dalai Panamanian in, beebread simple yang minaret beggar uproars thought Albert Campus rising ridiculous man Dan thought Nietzsche meaning amnesia super, asked-Danny Menominee persona dalai term impanel moral Dan skips keypad abducted. Relates yang slander tells verb-modifying keypad group expansionism yang did tarantula did dalai The Stranger. Pre-assembling meaning ethical quality thought Absurd Menominee Satan Lansing dignitary kalmia in Emmanuel meta z TTL K end Sis nougat Managua Megan lunar, Dogleg Jug Lana breaker senior member abducted amnesia did Danni serrate mahatma Ciceronian. Phenylalanine in Jug umpteenth uproars mantra seized Albert Campus sending dignitary thought Emmanuel hashish Korea conviction. Obscuration word intensifying shucks keypad Cambrian Falstaff conviction Dan Pyongyang deathtrap miasmal Algeria. Endorsement PAGE I guarantee that I have regulated and perused this examination and that as I would like to think, it complies with satisfactory principles of academic introduction and is completely sufficient, in extension and quality, as a postulation for the level of Master of Human Sciences. Level of Master of Human Sciences. Right of passage Md. He is reluctant to be a piece of this choices and rather accepts his feeling of trustworthiness as his guide. In any case, this elective existence of his and the ethics on which it is based are distorted as well. Muralist enjoys satisfaction of his fleeting wishes without really thinking about to the outcomes. Lacking idleness and standards he Just slides through his life recording sensations. The course of life he picks dulls his forces of observation to the degree that even homicide turns into the matter of detachment to him. 8 Though Campus attempted to disassociate himself from existentialist scholars (Camber,2002), his method of thinking shows existential mentality as the article uncovers. The fate and unhappiness felt all through his philosophical talk mirrors the all-unavoidable cynicism of the war-torn Europe. The effect of the two universal wars was amazing to the point that confidence in supernatural nature was shaken to the degree that numerous individuals got some distance from Christianity. The Myth of Sisyphus, distributed in 1942, was amazingly mainstream because of the way that Campus figured out how to address this ethical decrease and distress of the post-war age and, simultaneously, to declare life deprived of figments and soothing precepts. He sees human presence as absolutely futile and miserable. Grounds persistently assaults religion and the individuals who stick to strict qualities. The main reality, Campus keeps up, is the truth of the here ND now, while the mysterious ideas about the great beyond are excused as incapacitating mixtures. Aside from the two annihilating world wars which denoted the primary portion of the twentieth century, Camass state of being, living under the shadow of tuberculosis, as James Christian (2002: 451) noted in Wisdom Seekers, added to the profound cynicism of his works. In spite of the fact that Camass harshness and disdain are justifiable, his thinking in any case, can't be acknowledged. Grounds attempts to set forward an altruistic good vision while exhaustingly contending in the way of Nietzsche. The silly brain excuses insane the presence of God and expectation

Blog Archive Mission Admission Do Not Neglect Short Answers

Blog Archive Mission Admission Do Not Neglect Short Answers Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. Many candidates will work painstakingly on their essays, prepare rigorously for their interviews and endlessly contemplate their choice of recommenders. However, applicants tend to leave the short answer section of their applications to the last moment, and some will simply paste in information from their resumes or from their applications to other schools. However, the short answer sectionsâ€"meaning the actual questions within the application about your work and community experiences, hobbies, etc.â€"should definitely  not  be ignored and should be completed with the same spirit of diligence that you would bring to all the other aspects of your application(s). We advise candidates to refrain from just pasting bullet points from their resumes into the short answer section and to instead take time to truly contemplate the questions that are asked and write out the answers in full sentence form. (Further, bullets from a resume often lack the necessary context, so they rarely make effective answers for this portion of the application.) Although the information conveyed in the short answer section is important, we believe that what is really crucial is that candidates give care and thought to  all  aspects of their applications. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission Blog Archive Mission Admission Do Not Neglect Short Answers Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. Many MBA candidates will work painstakingly on their essays, prepare rigorously for their interviews, and endlessly contemplate their choice of recommenders. However, applicants tend to leave the short answer section of their applications to the last moment, and some simply paste in information from their resumes or from their applications to other schools. The short answer sectionsâ€"meaning the actual questions within the application about your work and community experiences, hobbies, etc.â€"should definitely  not  be ignored and should be completed with the same spirit of diligence that you would bring to all the other aspects of your application(s). We advise candidates to refrain from just pasting bullet points from their resumes into the short answer section and to instead take time to truly contemplate the questions that are asked and write out the answers in full sentence form. (Further, bullets from a resume often lack the necessary context, so they rarely make effective answers for this portion of the application.) Although the information conveyed in the short answer section is important, we believe that what is really crucial is that candidates give care and thought to  all  aspects of their applications. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission

Gang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh - 1376 Words

Sociology student Sudhir Venkatesh sets out on a journey within the Chicago housing projects with a quest of finding out how it feels to be black and poor. Sudhir was an Indian native from a middle class Californian family and he was unfamiliar with the black culture within Chicago. In his book Gang Leader for a Day, he tells of his sociology research within one of the roughest housing projects in Chicago. Sudhir starts his research by talking to a few elderly gentlemen he played chess with at the park. His conversation with them led him to the Robert Taylor Housing Projects which was described as one of the worst Ghettos in America. His research began the first day he arrived with his clipboard of questionnaires ready to ask the†¦show more content†¦He spends a lot of time getting to know J.T. and his gang members. The young men were more willing to open up to him and trust him with certain information. Over a period of time the nature of his research changes slightly for m just looking at young black men but looking at the community as a whole, the women, children, gangs, drug dealers and even the police officers and the how they influence the behavior of the community. The more time he spend in the community the more people he was able to meet and question. Even though Sudhir’s ethnicity and gender seemed a disadvantage at first, eventually people warmed up to him. I don’t believe that his socioeconomic status and his education helped him with his research. However, he was able to bring certain things to the projects, such as beginning a writing class for the young ladies and even tutor the members of the gang so that they wouldn’t drop out of high school. Sudhir felt like this was the least he could do for the community after he had gotten so far in his research. He was often affectionately called â€Å"Professor† by his participants. Because of his background he is very naà ¯ve about life within the projects. He is gullible and that is a disadvantage among street people. Ms. Bailey the building president one day says to him, â€Å"You’re sweet, you’re young, you’re good looking, and these women will take advantage of you. Be careful when you help them.† She warned him after he had bought grocery for a prostitute and herShow MoreRelatedGang Leader for a Day: Book Review1413 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Gang Leader for a Day Book Review It takes a lot of guts and no small amount of courage and cunning to infiltrate a street gang in the tough neighborhoods of Chicago, but that is what Sudhir Venkatesh did as a 23-year-old graduate student at the University of Chicago. In order to find out first-hand how a gang that earns its money selling crack cocaine functions from the inside, Venkatesh dared to get involved on a superficial basis with the gang. But Venkatesh wasnt seen as person who wasRead MoreSocial Control And Its Impact On America s Public Housing Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesof Chicago’s public housing soon found themselves in dilapidated, drug-infested, crime-filled, isolated centers of despair. During a time in which most American citizens could easily turn their eyes from the struggles of the poor, Sudhir Venkatesh’s Gang Leader for a Day took readers into the depths of the world in which the poor resided. Through Venkatesh’s work, readers are inadvertently introduced to broader soc iological concepts such as, collective efficacy within communities, the concentrationRead MoreA Graduate Student At The University Of Chicago1688 Words   |  7 Pagessomething missing and you go looking for it. This is what Sudhir Venkatesh goes through. As a rogue sociologist, Venkatesh struggled with changing a research project, getting information from a gang, and the ethical issues that came with the research that he was conducting with African Americans that were part of said gang. By using the ethnography method, conducting interviews, and getting to know the people that were part of the gang, Venkatesh was able to have an advantage over other researchers thatRead MoreThe Bling Ring By Nancy Jo Sales1435 Words   |  6 Pagesinterviews, court records and news stories to explain the events that occurred in 2008 and 2009 in Calabasas, California. The book analyzed the teens before their crime began, talked about their individual burglaries, and eventually explained how the ga ng of teenagers and young adults finally got caught. These upper middle class young adults and teenagers burglarized many of the Hollywood elite’s vacant homes. Some might say that they did it carelessly. These young adults felt little to no fear of beingRead MoreLiving in a Violent Society in Gang for a Day: A Rogue Socialist Takes to the Street by Sadhir Venkatesh807 Words   |  4 Pagesthousands of students, Sudhir entered the University of Chicago graduate school in 1989 and was despatched by his professors to do some research about American urban poor. To that point, he had had little exposure to suburban neighbourhood in Chicago. It happens that he knocked on one of the roughest areas in Chicago on his first visiting where detained and nearly killed him. Fortunately, he didn’t have any injured, and instead, he knocked up an acquaintance with the gang leader J.T. This initiatedRead MoreGang Leader for a Day Essay2292 Words   |  10 PagesInnovate Your Life In the book, Gang Leader for a Day by Sudhir Venkatesh, a sociology student from the University of Chicago starts out simply trying to understand â€Å"how it feels to be poor and black,† and ends up spending years and years figuring out the ins and outs of a gang society (Venkatesh 14). Sudhir receives the chance of a sociologist’s lifetime to see first-hand what life is like in the projects. He follows gang leader, J.T. around and studies his life at the Robert Taylor homes forRead MoreSudhir Venkatesh’s Perspective on Poverty and Race 580 Words   |  2 PagesEssentially, Venkatesh thought by being a rogue sociology major taking on such a gutsy experiment would lead to his advisors being astonished for his courage and bold efforts, but he himself never thought that he would see the day where this type of assignment would lead to him being a good friend to a gang leader who come from a totally different background and upbringing than him as well as spend as m uch as ten years with JT and under JT’s protection so that this experiment could be completed successfullyRead MoreGang Leader For A Day957 Words   |  4 Pagescompared to only 5.4% of unemployed white people (Street,2007). These statistics represent racial inequality which caused a lot of internal, and external damage to the black population. Rogue Sociologist, Sudhir Venkatesh’s (2008) novel called Gang Leader for a Day, reveals this disparity. In 1989 Sudhir participated in qualitative research, by studying the lives of people from the projects of Chicago. The projects are a subsidized housing development, provided by the government which requires low rentRead MoreGang Leader for a Day Essay2388 Words   |  10 PagesGang Leader For A Day SECTION 1 1.) How would you respond if a graduate student from an elite university turned up at your door and announced his intention to study you? If a graduate student from an elite university showed up at my door with intentions to study me, I think that I would allow him access. I would like the chance to hear what they had to say about my lifestyle. I’ve always questioned the way I live and if other peoples lives’ are similar. I don’t think that I live an oddRead MoreThe Smell Of Urine Plague913 Words   |  4 Pagesa rival nor part of any gang but a student surveying poor African Americans from the University of Chicago. Their leader, J.T. after spending the night with them, releases you, just to get an invitation to learn about the poor community they live in and experience their everyday lives. To be honest, I have never experienced something like Sudhir Venkatesh, author of Gang Leader for a day has. He was a sociology grad student when he wrote this book, interacting with gangs and their struggles. You

Going Back to School in Midlife Is Grad School for You

Once upon a time young people finished high school or college, got a job, and worked at the same company for an entire career, retiring 25, 30, and even 40 or more years. Today most people work for a new employer every few years and some change careers almost as often. Graduate study has become an important tool for professionals who wish to change gears and get the education and experience needed for a second, third, or even fourth career. Should You Earn a Graduate Degree?Some people decide to attend graduate school because their employers require advanced degrees in order to earn promotions and raises. Others wish to change careers and need additional education to accomplish their goals. Some people simply took a long time figuring out what they want to do with their lives. Still, other people return to graduate school to satisfy their own curiosity - to learn for the sake of learning. All of these are good reasons to choose graduate study. While there are many reasons to attend graduate school its important to determine your own reasons and whether those reasons merit several years of challenge and sacrifice that accompany graduate study. As you consider whether to apply to graduate school, review these issues as they are important to most adults who are making the decision of whether to return to school. Can You Afford Graduate Study?Some students find that their jobs do not interfere with graduate study. Most masters programs permit part-time students. However, most doctoral programs admit only full time students. Doctoral programs often limit or even prohibit students from outside employment. Graduate school itself is expensive. It is much more expensive when you consider the loss of income from leaving a career and its associated benefits such as health insurance, for example. Will you have access to health insurance while you are a student? This issue may be particularly important if you are a single parent. Graduate programs that prohibit students from working usually offer opportunities to earn tuition remission and a stipend. For example, many grad students work on campus and in their departments as research and teaching assistants, but these positions offer only a small stipend - yet also offer some tuition remission. Most students rely on several sources of financial aid, such as loans and scholarships. Add all of these sources of income together and most students will still experience grad student poverty. The question is, after having an adult income, can you go back to living on student wages? Can you imagine yourself (and/or your family) eating Ramen Noodles for a few years? Do You Have the Emotional Resources and Support for Grad Study?Lots of adults return to graduate school and are shocked by the workload. Graduate study is way different from college. Every graduate student, regardless of age, is taken aback by the workload and the nature of the work. This is especially true at the doctoral level. Students who breezed through college often begin a graduate program thinking that its more of the same. Surprise! Graduate school requires a certain amount of emotional fortitude. As a grad student you may find yourself juggling a multitude of tasks each week: a few hundred pages of reading, making progress on several class papers, working on a faculty members research, working as a research or teaching assistant, and so on. As an adult with a home, bills, and family, you likely will find that the school stress is compounded by home stress. Spending time with your children, helping them with homework, managing their colds, and meeting their basic needs - these are all basic, essential, and meaningful tasks that are a part of every parents day. Where do you squeeze in class work? Most graduate students who are parents do their schoolwork while their children sleep. But when do they sleep? If you are lucky enough to have a spouse, his or her support can make a tremendous difference. Family and friends can offer physical support such as picking up a child from school, helping them with homework, or cleaning up and running errands can help you eke out a little bit of time here and here. Emotional support is even more important. As an adult graduate student youll have more going on than other students. Cultivate an emotional base - family and friends (grad student and non-students). Graduate school is challenging for everyone, but in different ways and for different reasons. Do not be dissuaded. Mature graduate student are often excellent students because they know why they are attending, they know what the real work is like and have made a conscious choice to attend grad school. Nontraditional students tend to have more demands on their time than other students and their priorities tend to differ from those of traditional age students. Despite the extra demands, mature students tend to stress less over school - and that adaptability is a major strength.

Breaking Down Gender Roles Analysis - 905 Words

Kaveen Herath HON 296 003 Fiction and the Sciences Dr. C. Mainland Breaking Down Gender Roles Schnitzler’s Frà ¤ulein Else is a first-person stream-of-consciousness narrative about Else, a nineteen year old girl living in the 1900s. By writing as a stream of consciousness, Schnitzler provides the reader with a first-person account of everything that happened, and Else’s reasons for each of her actions. Else is told by her family to ask for money from a family friend, Mr. Dorsday, and the story flows with this incident, as she tries to get some money while keeping her dignity at the same time. As the story progresses, it is evident that Else is rebelling against all the gender roles imposed on her and the Bourgeois family structure at the time, and taking control of her own life. Else’s view of the world, and Else s view of her mother’s actions both imply that she is struggling to break away from the norm, and trying to be her own unique person. There are several points throughout the story where Else heavily criticizes her mother’s actions, and behaviors. Else sees her mother as someone who is clueless about her surroundings, and only attempt to be a good wife. According to Else her mother fits into the role of a perfect wife in a Bourgeois family, and Else hates and despises her for that. In Else’s thoughts her mother is always displayed in a negative light, and Else states several times that she doesn t want to be like her mother. Else recalls when her motherShow MoreRelatedThe Golden Woman: An Analysis Of Gender Politics In Hong1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe Golden Woman: An Analysis of Gender Politics in Hong Kong Nocturne She is beauty, she is grace, and she is a conniving money-hog. She is: The Golden Woman. The Golden Woman, trapped within the confines of the patriarchy, transcends a national identity, yet still seeks refuge from the misogyny unique to her own culture. Particularly, The Golden Woman of pan-Asia, whom identifies with the values of their western counterparts, faces a rejection of those same values from male counterparts. Its prevalenceRead MoreThe Fact Of Blackness By Frantz Fanon1223 Words   |  5 PagesFrantz Fanon’s â€Å"The Fact of Blackness,† a chapter from Black Skin, White Masks describes the anxiety felt while held in the gaze of the colonizer. A reading of Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble in conjunction with Fanon’s work raises questions and possible strategies on how to reject neocolonialism and contemporary white supremacy. Fanon’s idea of blackness is performative but not for the gain of the black man, rather for the white man. Butler s uggests that regaining control of the black man’s fateRead MoreGender Stereotypes And Objectification Of Women888 Words   |  4 Pagespaper, I will be analysis my photos over the semester by discussing overarching themes, in particular, gender stereotypes and objectification of women. Then I will analyze the photos from an intersectionality perspective and its importance. In addition, I will self-reflect about how gender, sex, and sexuality influence my life and how my beliefs have been challenged over the semester. Finally, I will conclude my paper with ways, in which, we can make social change, so we can reduce gender stereotypesRead MoreSocial Construction Of Gender And Masculinity1689 Words   |  7 Pagesattitudes regarding the social construction of gender, specifically masculinity and femininity. Children’s attitudes are influenced by a variety of external sources, but are most strongly influenced by their home life and parents. Parents are responsible for nu rturing and teaching children about multiple aspects in life, including gender norms; this occurs both consciously and unconsciously. One-way parents pass on their beliefs about gender and gender norms are through the giving of heteronormativeRead MoreExplainations of Business Analyses and Segmentation971 Words   |  4 PagesExplain SWOT Analysis. SWOT Stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities’ and Threats of a organization. SWOT analysis determines what may support the firm in every critical ways in which they can achieve its objectives and what difficulties must be taken down to achieve the objectives. SWOT analysis is a basic factor of an organization that evaluates what an organization is capable of and what it is not capable of. 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The intersectionalityRead MoreThe Anonymous Diary of a Female Journalist during the Occupation Period of Soviet Russia in Berlin814 Words   |  3 Pagesof the totality of war and the personal experience of struggling of survive during the Second World War where rape is not only a war tactic and military policy in breaking down the German people but also a spoil of that war itself. What is more is the majority of German people still alive in Berlin are mostly women. The role of genders and the discourse between the Germans and Soviets is left even more explicit when you consider the fact that the city is made of mostly women, leaving only GermanRead MoreThe Artist Is Present : Challenging Performance And Cultural Politics1506 Words   |  7 Pagespractice where the body of the artist is central or the medium itself involving objected based art materials such as paint and canvas. Abramović challenges this traditional sense, and introduces new concepts of â€Å"pushing the body to its limits† and cutting down the distance between artist and audience by making her own the body the medium. In this paper, I will be critiquing Ambramović’s use of performance art to the ways she provokes cultural politics by ultimately aiming to silence the question â€Å"what isRead MorePresentation Of The General Public1410 Words   |  6 Pages STAGE 3: PUBLIC REACTION The general public has responded to gender biases in all the different sectors of society that they manifest in. Whether that be during the developmental childhood years, or into adulthood where women are underrepresented by the media or portrayed as â€Å"eye candy† for men and not afforded the same opportunities. A pin from Pinterest leads to a story for the Huffington Post, written by Caroline Bologna, of a seven-year-old name Maggie, who while shopping at a chain store,Read MoreWomen During The Victorian Era Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the 19th century, especially during the Victorian era, gender roles became very distinctive. There were certain characteristics that the ideal Victorian man or woman were expected to have which emphasized patriarchal superiority. The patriarchal system meant that males had dominance in their homes, specifically over women. The ideal man during this time period would focus on achieving job related success which, in turn, would show that he is an eligible suitor to get married. It was seen

Territorial Jurisdiction And Criminalization - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Discuss the following issues in relation to Unlawful Act manslaughter only Keiths liability for the deaths of Kurt and Janis Gingers liability for Lennys death. Answers: Answer 1 In the given case study emphasis has been laid upon the issues relating to the unlawful act of manslaughter. It is noteworthy to mention that for the purpose of the issue, the concepts relating to unlawful act and unlawful manslaughter needs to be discussed. According to the provisions of Section 1 of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007, unlawful manslaughter can be defined as the act committed by a person causing death to the other person with the means of dangerous and unlawful act. In this regard an unlawful act on manslaughter is established when any act is based upon criminal activity. However for the act to be unlawful and related to manslaughter it is necessary that the act must be: Must give rise to substantial cause of death. Mens Rea. It can be stated that manslaughter gives rise to the concept of unlawful act which is associated with a criminal activity. In R v Mitchell[1] the Court of Appeal held that in order to establish the criminal activity of manslaughter it is mandatory to prove that the suspect has pledged an unlawful act, the activity was so dangerous that any person with sound mind would consider it to be harmful, the act can cause substantial death, that he crime was committed with an intention to cause harm. The Law Commission in its report- Legislating the Criminal Code Involuntary Manslaughter 1996[2], analyzed the leading offences associated with the concept of manslaughter and established the principles of constructive manslaughter. As stated by the Law Commission, it is not possible for a reasonable man to foresee the consequences of his act. In other words, a person should not be held liable for the death of another person which he did not intend or envisage and which would not have been expecte d by a person of sound mind. In the given scenario it can be observed that Keith and Ginger being heroin addicts experimented on Kurt and Janis with heroin with their consent. However it can be seen that the dose of heroin as prepared and injected by Keith was contaminated and as a result of this both Janis and Kurt died as a result of heroin overdose. It was seen that later on Keith attempted to dispose the dead bodies of Kurt and Janis. Based on the understandings of the provided case study, it can be stated that Keith has committed unlawful act of manslaughter associated with dangerous and unlawful activity which in modern context is defined as constructive manslaughter. In the given case study it is mentioned that Keith injected the dose of heroin into both Kurt and Janis with their prior consent. However it has been established in R v Cato[3] that the prior approval of the sufferer shall not avert the act from being unlawful. In R v Cato, it was seen that Mr. Cato and the victim prepared their own heroin do ses and injected into each other. In this case Mr. Cato was held liable for manslaughter and was convicted according to the provisions of Section 23 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861[4]. It was retained by the Judge that heroin is a dangerous substance which can cause death if overused in any way. It was held that the injection of heroin is associated with the cause of death and in order to establish it, it is important to trace out that whether manslaughter has taken place or not. In this case the victims consent taken by Mr. Cato before the injection of heroin however it was held by the jurists that such consent was purely irrelevant in this case. Mr. Cato claimed that heroin is not a noxious thing and do not give rise to malicious administration under the provisions of Section 23 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861[5]. It was held by the Judge in R v Cato that the act of injection of heroin was such that it will cause substantial death. Secondly, it was held tha t the consent of the victim was not a relevant facto in his case and therefore such consent cannot be used as a defense to manslaughter. Thirdly, it was held that the possession of heroin was unlawful and Mr. Cato kept the injection of heroin in his possession even after having knowledge about its harmful consequences. Finally it was established that heroin is a harmful substance and is described as a noxious thing for the purposes of Section 23 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861[6]. It was held that since the administration acted deliberately and therefore it was not required to find the scope of maliciousness. The findings of the abovementioned case law can be used to establish the point that whether Keith is liable for the death of Kurt and Janis. In this regard it can be stated that, Keith was aware of the fact that heroin is potentially harmful substance which can cause death if overdosed. However even after knowing about the consequences of the injection of such harmful substance Keith kept them in possession and injected it on his Kurt and Janis. It can be observed that though Kurt and Janis gave their consent however such consent is irrelevant in this case. Finally, it can be stated that Keith is liable for the deaths of Kurt and Janis and has committed the unlawful act of manslaughter. Answer 2 Mens rea can be defined as the mental element which is an important concept in establishing the rules of substantive criminal law. The conception of mens rea was derived from the maxim actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea. The concept of mens rea is an essential ingredient in order to establish criminal offence. In order to establish the fact that the accused have committed the criminal offence with a guilty mind it is required to establish that the accused have committed the crime with an intention. In this regard it is important to prove that the accused have committed the crime by foreseeing its consequences along with a criminal intention. The concept of mens rea also applies to unlawful act of manslaughter. It is pertinent that the unlawful act of men rea is associated with the intention of the accused and recklessness depending on the case. In some cases it has been observed that he accused do not realize that their acts could cause serious harm to the victim. It has been st ated in R v Lamb[7] that if no mens rea has been established for the unlawful act then the respondent shall not be accountable. The importance of mens rea in the concept of unlawful act of manslaughter can be explained with the help of a similar case study. In R v Dawson[8] it was observed that the accused approached a petrol station which was in the possession of a 50 year old man. The accused along with a gang attempted robbery with the help of imitation gun. The accused along with his gang demanded money however they did not touch the attendant. The attendant had serious pre-existing hear condition and he died due to the mishap created by the accused and his gang. The accused was not aware of such health condition of the accused. The accused was charged with unlawful act of manslaughter and convicted for the same. It was held by the Court that the accused have committed the crime without knowing the consequences. The defendant had no knowledge regarding the pre-existing heart condition of the station assistant and therefore he had not committed the crime with a guilty mind. The appeal of the defendant was allowed on the ground that the act of the defendant was not as such to give rise to unlawful act. An act in order to be unlawful must be dangerous and the defendant should be able to foresee the consequences of such dangerous act. The act was not considered to be dangerous by the Court of Justice on the ground that any reasonable person would not consider the act to be dangerous. In the present case study it can be observed that Ginger went to confront Lenny, the person who provided them with the heroin. It was observed that during such meeting with Lenny, Ginger became enraged and slammed his fist against the desk of Lenny. Lenny was in his 60s and was suffering from serious heart condition which was unknown to Ginger. Lenny died due to sudden heat attack due to Gingers cause of action. Based on the understandings of the concept of mens rea, it can be stated that Ginger was not aware of the prevailing heart condition of Lenny. The act committed by Lenny cannot be considered as dangerous as any reasonable man in common would not consider such act to be dangerous. In this regard, it can be stated that Lenny did not foresee the consequences that could arise as a result of his act. It can therefore be established that Ginger is not liable for the death of Lenny. 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[3] [1976] 1 WLR 110 [4] 'Serious Violence By People With Mental Illnessjournal Of Interpersonal Violence - Sandra Flynn, Cathryn Rodway, Louis Appleby, Jenny Shaw, 2014' (Journals.sagepub.com, 2018) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0886260513507133 accessed 6 January 2018. [5] Unlawful And Dangerousthe Journal Of Criminal Law - Tony Storey, 2017' (Journals.sagepub.com, 2018) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022018317694715 accessed 6 January 2018. [6] Current Issue, 'Territorial Jurisdiction And Criminalization | University Of Toronto Law Journal' (Utpjournals.press, 2018) https://www.utpjournals.press/doi/abs/10.3138/utlj.1117-3 accessed 6 January 2018. [7] (1967) 2 QB 981 [8] (1985) 81 Cr App R 150